Time-related underemployment, male (% of employment) by country
Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.
Countries reporting
103
Highest
19.0%
Ecuador
Lowest
0.2%
Jordan
Median
2.8%
Years covered
35
1991–2025
Data points
1,919
What the numbers show
Time-related underemployment, male (% of employment) is currently reported for 103 countries. The highest value is 19.0% in Ecuador; the lowest is 0.2% in Jordan.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.8%, and the mean is 3.5%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 82.
Over the past decade 32 countries rose and 69 fell. The largest increase was in Ghana (up 2,573.4%), and the largest decrease in Angola (down 87.5%).
Time-related underemployment, male: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ecuador | 19.0% | 2025 | up 87.0% | rising |
| 2 | Rwanda | 15.7% | 2024 | down 57.6% | volatile |
| 3 | Azerbaijan | 14.8% | 2022 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 4 | Armenia | 11.7% | 2017 | up 617.8% | volatile |
| 5 | Argentina | 10.2% | 2024 | up 26.6% | flat |
| 6 | Panama | 8.4% | 2024 | up 78.5% | rising |
| 7 | Afghanistan | 8.4% | 2021 | down 47.9% | falling |
| 8 | Finland | 7.9% | 2024 | up 62.1% | rising |
| 9 | Uruguay | 7.5% | 2024 | up 34.3% | flat |
| 10 | Philippines | 7.4% | 2023 | down 33.1% | rising |
| 11 | France | 7.1% | 2024 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 12 | Ireland | 6.8% | 2024 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 13 | Turkey | 6.6% | 2024 | up 223.9% | volatile |
| 14 | Guatemala | 6.5% | 2024 | up 43.5% | volatile |
| 15 | Iran | 6.2% | 2024 | down 23.4% | rising |
| 16 | Chile | 6.0% | 2025 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 17 | Barbados | 6.0% | 2023 | up 72.4% | rising |
| 18 | Uganda | 5.8% | 2021 | down 81.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Ghana | 5.8% | 2024 | up 2,573.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Indonesia | 5.6% | 2023 | down 33.0% | rising |
| 21 | Australia | 5.5% | 2024 | down 38.1% | flat |
| 22 | Bolivia | 5.5% | 2024 | up 86.5% | falling |
| 23 | Serbia | 5.4% | 2020 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 24 | Cyprus | 5.2% | 2024 | down 64.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Peru | 5.2% | 2025 | up 42.6% | falling |
| 26 | Netherlands | 5.1% | 2024 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 27 | Zimbabwe | 4.7% | 2024 | down 64.5% | falling |
| 28 | Portugal | 4.2% | 2025 | down 40.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Albania | 4.1% | 2024 | down 74.0% | falling |
| 30 | Denmark | 4.1% | 2024 | up 94.4% | volatile |
| 31 | South Africa | 4.1% | 2024 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 32 | United Kingdom | 3.9% | 2025 | down 20.1% | rising |
| 33 | Georgia | 3.8% | 2024 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 34 | Sweden | 3.8% | 2024 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 35 | Spain | 3.8% | 2025 | down 37.8% | volatile |
| 36 | Brazil | 3.7% | 2025 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 37 | Iceland | 3.7% | 2023 | down 2.3% | rising |
| 38 | Botswana | 3.5% | 2024 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 39 | Belgium | 3.5% | 2024 | up 12.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Mauritius | 3.5% | 2019 | up 125.0% | rising |
| 41 | Colombia | 3.5% | 2025 | down 31.5% | falling |
| 42 | Cayman Islands | 3.4% | 2015 | — | rising |
| 43 | Grenada | 3.4% | 2023 | up 6.2% | rising |
| 44 | Zambia | 3.3% | 2024 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 45 | Malta | 3.3% | 2024 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 46 | Sri Lanka | 3.3% | 2023 | up 84.3% | falling |
| 47 | Slovenia | 3.3% | 2024 | down 46.7% | volatile |
| 48 | Honduras | 3.2% | 2025 | down 74.2% | volatile |
| 49 | El Salvador | 3.0% | 2024 | down 53.4% | falling |
| 50 | Luxembourg | 2.9% | 2024 | up 178.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Greece | 2.8% | 2024 | down 55.3% | rising |
| 52 | Seychelles | 2.8% | 2024 | down 15.6% | flat |
| 53 | Brunei | 2.7% | 2024 | down 32.7% | falling |
| 54 | New Zealand | 2.7% | 2020 | up 9.4% | flat |
| 55 | Norway | 2.6% | 2024 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 56 | Belize | 2.6% | 2017 | — | falling |
| 57 | Switzerland | 2.5% | 2024 | down 9.5% | rising |
| 58 | South Korea | 2.4% | 2025 | up 34.4% | rising |
| 59 | Austria | 2.2% | 2025 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 60 | Japan | 2.2% | 2020 | down 46.6% | falling |
| 61 | Croatia | 2.1% | 2024 | down 40.5% | rising |
| 62 | Mali | 2.1% | 2024 | up 73.7% | rising |
| 63 | Costa Rica | 2.0% | 2025 | down 77.6% | falling |
| 64 | Latvia | 2.0% | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 65 | Singapore | 1.8% | 2024 | down 27.6% | falling |
| 66 | Italy | 1.8% | 2024 | down 61.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Dominican Republic | 1.7% | 2025 | down 69.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Vietnam | 1.7% | 2024 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 69 | Moldova | 1.7% | 2024 | down 61.3% | falling |
| 70 | Bangladesh | 1.7% | 2024 | down 15.5% | flat |
| 71 | Palestine | 1.7% | 2025 | down 58.8% | falling |
| 72 | Hong Kong | 1.6% | 2024 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 73 | North Macedonia | 1.5% | 2024 | down 60.3% | falling |
| 74 | Lithuania | 1.4% | 2024 | down 39.1% | volatile |
| 75 | Paraguay | 1.4% | 2017 | up 20.3% | volatile |
| 76 | Estonia | 1.4% | 2024 | up 24.6% | falling |
| 77 | Bhutan | 1.4% | 2024 | down 56.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Canada | 1.3% | 2025 | up 4.3% | flat |
| 79 | Romania | 1.3% | 2024 | down 61.1% | falling |
| 80 | Malaysia | 1.1% | 2022 | down 67.7% | falling |
| 81 | United States | 0.9% | 2025 | down 6.6% | flat |
| 82 | Germany | 0.9% | 2024 | down 69.3% | falling |
| 83 | Macao | 0.9% | 2016 | down 70.6% | volatile |
| 84 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.9% | 2023 | down 75.4% | falling |
| 85 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.9% | 2024 | down 81.2% | falling |
| 86 | Senegal | 0.9% | 2024 | down 18.7% | flat |
| 87 | Russia | 0.8% | 2016 | down 45.6% | falling |
| 88 | Angola | 0.8% | 2024 | down 87.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Egypt | 0.7% | 2024 | down 81.1% | volatile |
| 90 | Montenegro | 0.6% | 2024 | down 78.6% | falling |
| 91 | Hungary | 0.6% | 2024 | down 70.6% | volatile |
| 92 | Thailand | 0.5% | 2024 | down 28.5% | falling |
| 93 | Poland | 0.5% | 2024 | down 78.6% | falling |
| 94 | Israel | 0.5% | 2024 | down 67.9% | falling |
| 95 | Pakistan | 0.5% | 2025 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 96 | Czechia | 0.4% | 2024 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 97 | Belarus | 0.4% | 2024 | down 58.2% | falling |
| 98 | Ukraine | 0.3% | 2017 | down 76.1% | volatile |
| 99 | Cambodia | 0.3% | 2023 | down 75.2% | volatile |
| 100 | Slovakia | 0.2% | 2023 | down 81.2% | volatile |
| 101 | Mongolia | 0.2% | 2024 | down 74.4% | falling |
| 102 | Bulgaria | 0.2% | 2024 | down 80.3% | volatile |
| 103 | Jordan | 0.2% | 2023 | down 35.7% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 5.8%
- European Union 2.9%
- Latin America & Caribbean 5.8%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 5.8%
- Europe & Central Asia 3.4%
- Euro area 3.3%
- OECD members 2.7%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 2.5%
- High income 2.3%
- Post-demographic dividend 2.2%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.8%
- North America 1.0%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 0.8%
About this data
Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.