Time-related underemployment, female in European Union
European Union: Time-related underemployment, female was 4.6% in 2024. ▲ Rising
Time-related underemployment, female in European Union, 2002–2024
Source: International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/. Measured in % of employment.
Analysis
European Union recorded 4.6% for time-related underemployment, female in 2024.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.5% on the previous year and down 39.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, time-related underemployment, female in European Union peaked at 7.7% in 2013 and was at its lowest, 2.2%, in 2002.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.
Time-related underemployment, female in European Union, year by year
| Year | % of employment | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 2.2% | — |
| 2003 | 3.8% | +76.3% |
| 2004 | 4.7% | +22.8% |
| 2005 | 4.2% | -9.3% |
| 2006 | 4.2% | -0.4% |
| 2007 | 4.5% | +7.9% |
| 2008 | 6.0% | +31.8% |
| 2009 | 6.5% | +8.5% |
| 2010 | 6.6% | +2.1% |
| 2011 | 6.3% | -4.7% |
| 2012 | 6.9% | +9.1% |
| 2013 | 7.7% | +11.6% |
| 2014 | 7.6% | -1.8% |
| 2015 | 7.1% | -6.3% |
| 2016 | 6.6% | -7.2% |
| 2017 | 6.2% | -5.9% |
| 2018 | 5.6% | -9.2% |
| 2019 | 5.2% | -6.7% |
| 2020 | 5.8% | +10.7% |
| 2021 | 5.4% | -7.6% |
| 2022 | 4.9% | -8.6% |
| 2023 | 4.6% | -5.8% |
| 2024 | 4.6% | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 4.5% | 2.2% | 6.5% | 8 |
| 2010s | 6.6% | 5.2% | 7.7% | 10 |
| 2020s | 5.1% | 4.6% | 5.8% | 5 |
Countries ranked near European Union
More gender data for European Union
- Labor force, female 102.81 million (2025)
- Labor force, female, per capita 0.2279 units per person (2025)
- Labor force, female, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Labor force, female, annual growth rate -0.0884 % change on previous year (2025)
- Labor force, female, per square kilometre 25.72 units per square kilometre (2023)
- Incidence of HIV, ages 15-49, female 0.0972 per 1,000 uninfected female population ages 15-49 (2023)
- Incidence of HIV, ages 15-49, male 0.1636 per 1,000 uninfected male population ages 15-49 (2023)
- Ratio of female to male youth unemployment rate (% ages 15-24) 98.3% (2025)
- School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, female 17.2 years (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, male 16.43 years (2019)
Frequently asked questions
- What is time-related underemployment, female in European Union?
- Time-related underemployment, female in European Union was 4.6% in 2024, according to International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.
- What is the highest time-related underemployment, female recorded in European Union?
- The highest recorded value was 7.7% in 2013.
- What is the lowest time-related underemployment, female recorded in European Union?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.2% in 2002.
- How does European Union rank for time-related underemployment, female?
- European Union ranks 6th out of 13 groups with data for 2024.
- Is time-related underemployment, female rising or falling in European Union?
- Over the last ten years it is down 39.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this European Union data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/, published as part of Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 23 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.