Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment) in Spain
Spain: Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment) was 8.4% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Time-related underemployment, female in Spain, 1999–2025
Source: International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/. Measured in % of employment.
Analysis
In 2025, time-related underemployment, female in Spain stood at 8.4%.
That represents a change of down 5.9% on the previous year and down 37.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, time-related underemployment, female in Spain peaked at 15.4% in 2013 and was at its lowest, 3.1%, in 1999.
Spain ranks 12th of 103 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 27 years of available data.
Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment) in Spain, year by year
| Year | % of employment | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 3.1% | — |
| 2000 | 3.1% | +0.6% |
| 2001 | 4.9% | +57.1% |
| 2002 | 4.6% | -7.1% |
| 2003 | 5.0% | +10.1% |
| 2004 | 4.9% | -1.8% |
| 2005 | 8.5% | +72.5% |
| 2006 | 8.1% | -4.3% |
| 2007 | 7.6% | -6.4% |
| 2008 | 8.1% | +6.7% |
| 2009 | 11.1% | +36.5% |
| 2010 | 11.4% | +2.7% |
| 2011 | 11.5% | +0.7% |
| 2012 | 14.6% | +27.0% |
| 2013 | 15.4% | +5.9% |
| 2014 | 15.3% | -0.4% |
| 2015 | 13.5% | -12.1% |
| 2016 | 12.0% | -10.7% |
| 2017 | 11.7% | -2.6% |
| 2018 | 11.0% | -5.8% |
| 2019 | 10.4% | -6.2% |
| 2020 | 10.2% | -1.0% |
| 2021 | 11.2% | +9.2% |
| 2022 | 11.0% | -1.7% |
| 2023 | 9.1% | -16.9% |
| 2024 | 8.9% | -2.4% |
| 2025 | 8.4% | -5.9% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 8.4% is above the median for high income countries, which is 3.7%, 2.3× the median. (50 countries reporting)
- Spain's 8.4% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 3.4%, 2.5× the median. (44 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment) in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | +72.5% | 4.9% | 8.5% |
| 2001 | +57.1% | 3.1% | 4.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 1 |
| 2000s | 6.6% | 3.1% | 11.1% | 10 |
| 2010s | 12.7% | 10.4% | 15.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 9.8% | 8.4% | 11.2% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More gender data for Spain
- Child population (UN estimates and projections) 5,413 (2030)
- Child population (UN estimates and projections) (0-14), annual growth -2.09 % change on previous year (2030)
- Population 42,197 (2030)
- Working-age population (UN estimates and projections) 42,197 (2030)
- Population (UN estimates and projections), annual growth rate 0.0961 % change on previous year (2030)
- Age population, age 00, female, interpolated 161,756 (2025)
- Age population, age 00, male, interpolated 171,794 (2025)
- Age population, age 01, female, interpolated 164,221 (2025)
- Age population, age 01, male, interpolated 174,083 (2025)
- Age population, age 02, female, interpolated 166,341 (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is time-related underemployment, female in Spain?
- Time-related underemployment, female in Spain was 8.4% in 2025, according to International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.
- What is the highest time-related underemployment, female recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 15.4% in 2013.
- What is the lowest time-related underemployment, female recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 3.1% in 1999.
- How does Spain rank for time-related underemployment, female?
- Spain ranks 12th out of 103 countries with data for 2025.
- Is time-related underemployment, female rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 37.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/, published as part of Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 27 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.